Which process involves the pushing of water and dissolved substances from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure?

The correct answer is filtration. This process specifically refers to the mechanism by which water and dissolved substances are moved through a semipermeable membrane or filter, driven by pressure differences. In filtration, substances move from an area where there is higher hydrostatic pressure to an area of lower pressure. This is commonly observed in biological systems, such as the kidneys, where blood pressure drives the filtration of blood through the glomerulus, allowing water and small solutes to pass into the filtrate while retaining larger molecules and cells.

In contrast, osmosis specifically relates to the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area with a lower solute concentration to one with a higher concentration, rather than being driven by hydrostatic pressure. Diffusion involves the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, without the need for pressure. Endocytosis is a process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment through engulfing them in a membrane-bound vesicle, which does not involve pressure-driven movement.