Which process describes the reading of the mRNA code by tRNA?

The process that describes the reading of the mRNA code by tRNA is translation. This occurs after mRNA has been synthesized through transcription, during which the genetic information from DNA is copied into mRNA.

During translation, the mRNA strand is read in sets of three nucleotide sequences known as codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules play a critical role in this process by carrying the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, where the tRNA's anticodon sequence pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA. This ensures that the correct amino acids are added in the proper sequence to form a polypeptide chain, ultimately leading to the synthesis of proteins.

Mitosis, on the other hand, is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells and does not involve the reading of mRNA. Gene expression encompasses both transcription and translation but does not specifically refer to the action of tRNA reading the mRNA. Thus, translation is the precise term describing this specific process of decoding mRNA by tRNA.